On November 17, 2025, the United Nations Security Council voted to endorse a 20-point peace plan for Gaza, proposed by the United States under the administration of former President Donald Trump. This plan includes the establishment of an International Stabilization Force (ISF) tasked with managing security and facilitating the disarmament of Hamas, a non-state armed group that currently governs Gaza.

The resolution garnered support from 13 member states, including the United Kingdom, France, and Somalia, while Russia and China abstained from the vote. However, Hamas has rejected the resolution, asserting that it fails to adequately address Palestinian rights and demands. The group criticized the proposed international force, claiming it would compromise neutrality and align with Israeli interests.

The ISF is expected to oversee the permanent decommissioning of weapons from non-state armed groups, including Hamas, while also protecting civilians and ensuring safe humanitarian aid routes. A key aspect of the peace plan is the establishment of a newly trained Palestinian police force in Gaza, which would operate independently of Hamas.

U.S. Ambassador to the UN, Mike Waltz, emphasized that the ISF's role would focus on securing the area, supporting the demilitarization of Gaza, dismantling terrorist infrastructure, and ensuring the safety of Palestinian civilians. The initial phase of the peace plan, which includes a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas and the release of hostages, was implemented on October 10, 2023, but experts like Colin Clarke from the Soufan Group have noted that the situation remains precarious, with concerns about the potential for continued instability.

The financing for Gaza's reconstruction, following extensive destruction from military actions, is anticipated to come from a trust fund supported by the World Bank. The resolution also introduces the contentious possibility of a Palestinian state, which faces strong opposition from Israel, reportedly influenced by pressure from key Arab states.

This peace initiative was prompted by escalated violence that began with a Hamas attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, resulting in approximately 1,200 fatalities and 251 hostages. In contrast, the Hamas-run health ministry reports that over 69,483 Palestinians have died due to Israeli military actions in Gaza since that time. The ongoing disputes and historical tensions in the region continue to pose significant challenges to the implementation of this peace plan.