In Iran, protests that began on December 28 have led to the arrest of over 20,000 individuals, according to various human rights organizations. Reports indicate that detainees, including minors, have faced sexual abuse and physical violence at the hands of security forces. The Kurdistan Human Rights Network (KHRN) documented instances of detainees in Kermanshah being beaten with batons.

The situation has been exacerbated by a communication blackout, which has hindered the ability of rights groups to gather information on the conditions of those arrested. Historical accounts from previous protests in 2022 reveal that detainees faced severe mistreatment, including rape and torture. The Human Rights Activists News Agency, based in the U.S., has reported approximately 3,766 deaths during the current protests, with an additional 8,949 deaths under investigation. Notably, a pregnant woman was killed along with her unborn child when security forces opened fire on protesters.

The Iranian government has characterized the protests as the work of 'terrorists and armed rioters,' with an official reporting at least 5,000 deaths, including around 500 security personnel. This narrative has been met with skepticism, as human rights organizations like HRANA reported a death toll of 3,308, with over 4,382 cases still under review. The Iranian judiciary has indicated that executions may proceed for individuals classified as Mohareb, a term denoting warfare against God, which carries the death penalty under Iranian law.

In response to the unrest, the Iranian government has imposed strict controls, particularly in Tehran, where a heavy military presence has created an atmosphere of fear. Security forces are conducting random checks on vehicles and mobile phones, monitoring social media activities, and searching personal devices for evidence of protest participation. This has led to a culture of caution among residents, many of whom choose to remain indoors after dark.

The militarization extends beyond the capital, with significant deployments noted in regions with large Kurdish populations. Observers have described the situation as resembling military rule, with reports of door-to-door raids and arrests occurring far from protest sites. The blurring of lines between public dissent and private life raises serious concerns about civil liberties and human rights in Iran, as the government continues to suppress dissent through violence and intimidation.