On November 7, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court convened to discuss an appeal from Kim Davis, a former court clerk in Rowan County, Kentucky, who is seeking to overturn the 2015 Obergefell v. Hodges decision that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide. Davis's appeal follows a lower court ruling mandating her to pay $360,000 in damages and attorney's fees to a couple whose marriage license she refused to issue based on her religious beliefs. Notably, Justice Clarence Thomas has expressed a desire to revisit the same-sex marriage ruling, marking him as the only current justice advocating for its reversal. Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Samuel Alito, who also dissented in the original case, have remained largely silent on the issue, while Justice Amy Coney Barrett has indicated that the reliance on the decision by married couples may complicate any potential reversal.

In a separate case, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of a policy established during the Trump administration that mandates government-issued identification, including passports, to reflect an individual's sex at birth. This decision has raised concerns among advocates for transgender rights, particularly Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, who warned that it could increase risks of harassment and bodily invasions for transgender individuals. The policy, which reversed a Biden-era initiative allowing individuals to select their own sex marker, was challenged in court by several transgender individuals with support from the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). The Supreme Court's unsigned order, which was opposed by the three liberal justices, stated that the requirement to display biological sex does not violate equal protection principles. Critics, including ACLU senior counsel Jon Davidson, have described the ruling as a setback for transgender rights, potentially exacerbating the challenges faced by individuals in obtaining accurate identity documents.